{
 "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (the composition); each value remains its named publisher’s, under that publisher’s terms",
 "citation": "Mtoto Child-Labour Index (DAAC), Ghana, https://mtoto.daac.ai, generated 2026-10-16.",
 "generated": "2026-10-16",
 "iso3": "GHA",
 "name": "Ghana",
 "region": "Sub-Saharan Africa",
 "page": "https://mtoto.daac.ai/en/countries/ghana",
 "row": {
  "iso3": "GHA",
  "name": "Ghana",
  "region": "sub-saharan-africa",
  "prevalence_pct": 5.5,
  "prevalence_survey_year": 2022,
  "ilab_assessment_2024": "Moderate advancement",
  "goods_child_labour_2024": "Bovines; Cocoa; Fish; Gold; Rice; Textiles; Tilapia (fish)",
  "goods_forced_labour_only_2024": null,
  "c138_ratified": true,
  "c138_year": 2011,
  "c138_min_age": 15,
  "c182_ratified": true,
  "c182_year": 2000,
  "tip_tier_2026": "Tier 1",
  "out_of_school_primary_pct_driver": 4.8,
  "out_of_school_year": 2024,
  "prevalence_unicef_pct": 5.5,
  "prevalence_unicef_year": 2022,
  "prevalence_unicef_survey": "HIES 2022, UNICEF and ILO calculations",
  "modern_slavery_per_1000_all_ages": 2.9,
  "modern_slavery_estimated_number_all_ages": 91000,
  "poverty_below_3_usd_pct": 39,
  "poverty_year": 2016,
  "rule_of_law_score": 58.6,
  "rule_of_law_year": 2025,
  "agriculture_employment_pct": 34.6,
  "agriculture_employment_year": 2025,
  "birth_registration_pct": 70.6,
  "birth_registration_year": 2018,
  "programmes": 6,
  "page": "https://mtoto.daac.ai/en/countries/ghana"
 },
 "cells": {
  "agricultureEmployment": {
   "value": {
    "year": 2025,
    "value": 34.6
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "Share of employment in agriculture, series updated 8 October 2026",
    "publisher": "International Labour Organization, ILO modelled estimates (ILOSTAT), via the World Bank",
    "url": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SL.AGR.EMPL.ZS",
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "locator": "Country row, latest year 2015–2025"
   }
  },
  "birthRegistration": {
   "value": {
    "year": 2018,
    "value": 70.6
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "Completeness of birth registration, series updated 8 October 2026",
    "publisher": "UNICEF, from household surveys (DHS, MICS), via the World Bank",
    "url": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.REG.BRTH.ZS",
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "locator": "Country row, latest year 2015–2025"
   }
  },
  "c138": {
   "value": {
    "year": 2011,
    "minAge": 15,
    "ratified": true
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "NORMLEX ratification registers, C138 & C182, read 2 July 2026",
    "publisher": "ILO",
    "url": "https://normlex.ilo.org/dyn/nrmlx_en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:11300:0::NO::P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312283",
    "retrieved": "2026-07-02",
    "locator": "Ratification register, country row"
   }
  },
  "c182": {
   "value": {
    "year": 2000,
    "ratified": true
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "NORMLEX ratification registers, C138 & C182, read 2 July 2026",
    "publisher": "ILO",
    "url": "https://normlex.ilo.org/dyn/nrmlx_en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:11300:0::NO::P11300_INSTRUMENT_ID:312283",
    "retrieved": "2026-07-02",
    "locator": "Ratification register, country row"
   }
  },
  "education": {
   "value": {
    "year": 2024,
    "value": 4.8
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "Out-of-school rate for children of primary school age, series updated 12 May 2026",
    "publisher": "UNESCO Institute for Statistics",
    "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-not-in-school?level=primary&metric_type=rate&sex=both",
    "retrieved": "2026-07-03",
    "locator": "Country row, latest year"
   }
  },
  "forcedLabour": {
   "value": {
    "number": 91000,
    "per1000": 2.9
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "Global Slavery Index 2023 — estimated prevalence of modern slavery by country (Table 26), 2023 edition, published 24 May 2023",
    "publisher": "Walk Free",
    "url": "https://www.walkfree.org/global-slavery-index/",
    "retrieved": "2026-07-03",
    "locator": "Appendices, Table 26"
   }
  },
  "goods-bovines": {
   "value": {
    "good": "Bovines",
    "type": "CL",
    "edition": "2024"
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor (TVPRA List), 2024 edition, published 5 September 2024",
    "publisher": "US Department of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB)",
    "url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods",
    "retrieved": "2026-07-02",
    "locator": "Table 3, the 2024 TVPRA List by country, pp. 19–25"
   }
  },
  "goods-cocoa": {
   "value": {
    "good": "Cocoa",
    "type": "CL",
    "edition": "2024"
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor (TVPRA List), 2024 edition, published 5 September 2024",
    "publisher": "US Department of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB)",
    "url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods",
    "retrieved": "2026-07-02",
    "locator": "Table 3, the 2024 TVPRA List by country, pp. 19–25"
   }
  },
  "goods-fish": {
   "value": {
    "good": "Fish",
    "type": "CL+FL",
    "edition": "2024"
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor (TVPRA List), 2024 edition, published 5 September 2024",
    "publisher": "US Department of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB)",
    "url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods",
    "retrieved": "2026-07-02",
    "locator": "Table 3, the 2024 TVPRA List by country, pp. 19–25"
   }
  },
  "goods-gold": {
   "value": {
    "good": "Gold",
    "type": "CL",
    "edition": "2024"
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor (TVPRA List), 2024 edition, published 5 September 2024",
    "publisher": "US Department of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB)",
    "url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods",
    "retrieved": "2026-07-02",
    "locator": "Table 3, the 2024 TVPRA List by country, pp. 19–25"
   }
  },
  "goods-rice": {
   "value": {
    "good": "Rice",
    "type": "CL",
    "edition": "2024"
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor (TVPRA List), 2024 edition, published 5 September 2024",
    "publisher": "US Department of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB)",
    "url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods",
    "retrieved": "2026-07-02",
    "locator": "Table 3, the 2024 TVPRA List by country, pp. 19–25"
   }
  },
  "goods-textiles": {
   "value": {
    "good": "Textiles",
    "type": "CL",
    "edition": "2024"
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor (TVPRA List), 2024 edition, published 5 September 2024",
    "publisher": "US Department of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB)",
    "url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods",
    "retrieved": "2026-07-02",
    "locator": "Table 3, the 2024 TVPRA List by country, pp. 19–25"
   }
  },
  "goods-tilapia-fish": {
   "value": {
    "good": "Tilapia (fish)",
    "type": "CL+FL",
    "edition": "2024"
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor (TVPRA List), 2024 edition, published 5 September 2024",
    "publisher": "US Department of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB)",
    "url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/reports/child-labor/list-of-goods",
    "retrieved": "2026-07-02",
    "locator": "Table 3, the 2024 TVPRA List by country, pp. 19–25"
   }
  },
  "governance": {
   "value": {
    "year": 2025,
    "value": 58.6
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "Rule of Law score (0–100), series updated 25 September 2026",
    "publisher": "World Bank, Worldwide Governance Indicators",
    "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators",
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "locator": "Country row, latest year 2015–2025"
   }
  },
  "ilab": {
   "value": "Moderate advancement",
   "source": {
    "title": "Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor, 2024 edition, published 30 September 2025",
    "publisher": "US Department of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB)",
    "url": "https://www.dol.gov/agencies/ilab/resources/reports/child-labor/findings",
    "retrieved": "2026-07-02",
    "locator": "Country assessments by assessment, pp. 44–49"
   }
  },
  "poverty": {
   "value": {
    "year": 2016,
    "value": 39
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "Share of the population living below $3.00 a day, series updated 8 October 2026",
    "publisher": "World Bank, Poverty and Inequality Platform",
    "url": "https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.DDAY",
    "retrieved": "2026-10-16",
    "locator": "Country row, latest year 2015–2025"
   }
  },
  "prevalence": {
   "value": {
    "year": 2022,
    "value": 5.5,
    "method": "sampled"
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "Share of children aged 5-17 years engaged in labour (SDG 8.7.1), series updated 31 July 2026",
    "publisher": "UNICEF / ILO via Our World in Data",
    "url": "https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/children-aged-5-17-engaged-in-labor",
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "locator": "Country row, latest survey year"
   }
  },
  "prevalenceUnicef": {
   "value": {
    "year": 2022,
    "value": 5.5,
    "survey": "HIES 2022, UNICEF and ILO calculations"
   },
   "source": {
    "title": "UNICEF global databases: Child labour (economic activity, children 5-17), Data Warehouse extract of 3 July 2026",
    "publisher": "UNICEF",
    "url": "https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/child-labour/",
    "retrieved": "2026-07-03",
    "locator": "Country row, latest survey"
   }
  },
  "tipTier": {
   "value": "Tier 1",
   "source": {
    "title": "Trafficking in Persons Report, 2026 edition, published 8 October 2026",
    "publisher": "US Department of State",
    "url": "https://www.state.gov/reports/2026-trafficking-in-persons-report/",
    "retrieved": "2026-10-15",
    "locator": "Tier Placements List"
   }
  }
 },
 "initiatives": [
  {
   "slug": "accel-africa",
   "name": "ACCEL Africa, phase II",
   "page": "https://mtoto.daac.ai/en/profiles/accel-africa"
  },
  {
   "slug": "eu-sustainable-cocoa",
   "name": "EU Sustainable Cocoa Initiative",
   "page": "https://mtoto.daac.ai/en/profiles/eu-sustainable-cocoa"
  },
  {
   "slug": "fairtrade-yicbmr",
   "name": "Youth-Inclusive Community-Based Monitoring and Remediation",
   "page": "https://mtoto.daac.ai/en/profiles/fairtrade-yicbmr"
  },
  {
   "slug": "galab",
   "name": "Global Accelerator Lab (GALAB)",
   "page": "https://mtoto.daac.ai/en/profiles/galab"
  },
  {
   "slug": "harkin-engel",
   "name": "Harkin-Engel Protocol and its Framework of Action",
   "page": "https://mtoto.daac.ai/en/profiles/harkin-engel"
  },
  {
   "slug": "ici-clmrs",
   "name": "Child Labour Monitoring and Remediation Systems in cocoa",
   "page": "https://mtoto.daac.ai/en/profiles/ici-clmrs"
  }
 ],
 "instruments": [
  {
   "slug": "gh-childrens-act",
   "name": "Children’s Act, 1998 (Act 560)",
   "page": "https://mtoto.daac.ai/en/regulation/gh-childrens-act"
  }
 ]
}