Australia

Region
Oceania
Prevalence
no survey in source
Children 5–17 in child labour1no survey
Government effort, worst forms of child labour2not assessed
Trafficking-response tier3Tier 1
ILO conventions4C138 ratified 2023 · minimum age 15C182 ratified 2006
Out of school, primary age (a driver)50.1%2024
Modern slavery, all ages61.6 / 1,000about 41,000 people, in forced labour or forced marriage
Goods produced with child labour7none listed

Australia beside its surveyed neighbours in Oceania1

All of Oceania
1Vanuatu26.7% 20232Tonga25.9% 20193Fiji15.6% 20214Kiribati7.1% 20195Samoa6.9% 20226Tuvalu3.7% 20207Nauru0.7% 2023

Law, programmes and updates

National law

  • Australia: Modern Slavery Act

    Requires large entities to report on modern-slavery risks in their operations and supply chains, with modern slavery defined to include the worst forms of child labour. The government responded to an independent review in December 2024.

Sources

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  1. UNICEF / ILO via Our World in Data, Share of children aged 5-17 years engaged in labour, 2026-07-31; accessed 2026-10-15. Each country’s latest national survey. Retrieval route
  2. US Department of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB), Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor, 2024, published 2025-09-30; accessed 2026-07-02. Retrieval route
  3. US Department of State, Trafficking in Persons Report, 2026, published 2026-10-08; accessed 2026-10-15. Released 8 October 2026; covers April 2025 to March 2026. Retrieval route
  4. ILO, NORMLEX ratification registers, C138 & C182; accessed 2026-07-02. Retrieval route
  5. UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Out-of-school rate for children of primary school age, 2026-05-12; accessed 2026-07-03. A recognised driver of child labour. Retrieval route
  6. Walk Free, Global Slavery Index 2023 — estimated prevalence of modern slavery by country (Table 26), 2023, published 2023-05-24; accessed 2026-07-03. All ages, adults and children. Retrieval route
  7. US Department of Labor, Bureau of International Labor Affairs (ILAB), List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor (TVPRA List), 2024, published 2024-09-05; accessed 2026-07-02. Forced-labour-only listings are shown apart. Retrieval route